不同采样率下四分量钻孔应变观测同震变化特征     

唐磊  邱泽华  樊俊屹  罗自浩 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(11):1196-1201

利用湟源台四分量钻孔应变观测的分钟值、1 sps、10 sps和100 sps四种不同采样率的观测数据,通过自检分析、同震应变阶分析和频谱分析等方法研究青海玛多M7.4地震同震变化特征。研究结果表明,分钟采样记录的地震波信息缺失严重,用分钟采样数据进行地震波初动、同震变化幅度等研究将会得到信度较低的结论;采样率越高,记录应变地震波信息的能力越强,但100 sps采样和10 sps采样结果相差不大,10 sps采样已能记录到比较全面的应变地震波信息;同震应变阶的变化性质和变化幅度与采样率无关;未来布设四分量钻孔应变仪时,建议应将采样率至少提高至1 sps。  相似文献   

Effect of Penetration Rates on the Piezocone Penetration Test in the Yellow River Delta Silt     

ZHANG Jiarui  MENG Qingsheng  ZHANG Yan  FENG Xiuli  WEI Guanli  SU Xiuting  LIU Tao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):361-374

Partial drainage often occurs during piezocone penetration testing on Yellow River Delta silt because of its intermediate physical and mechanical properties between those of sand and clay.Yet,there is no accurate understanding for the range of penetra-tion rates to trigger the partial drainage of silt soils.In order to fully investigate cone penetration rate effects under partial drainage condi-tions,indoor 1 g penetration model tests and numerical simulations of cavity expansion at variable penetration rates were carried out on the Yellow River Delta silt.The boundary effect of the model tests and the variation of key parameters at the different cavity ex-pansion rates were analyzed.The 1 g penetration model test results and numerical simulations results consistently indicated that the penetration rate to trigger the partially drainage of typical silt varied at least three orders of magnitude.The numerical simulations also provide the reference values for the penetration resistance corresponding to zero dilation and zero viscosity at any given normalized penetration rate for silt in Yellow River Delta.These geotechnical properties can be used for the design of offshore platforms in Yel-low River Delta,and the understanding of cone penetration rate effects under the partially drained conditions would provide some technical support for geohazard evaluation of offshore platforms.  相似文献   

Rapid assessment of beta dose variation inside cobbles,and implications for rock luminescence dating     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Variation in beta dose rate within rocks may impact the results of rock surface luminescence dating, for both the burial age of cobbles and exposure age of rock surfaces. Current methods of rock surface luminescence dating assume that radionuclides are homogeneously distributed inside rocks. In this study, two rapid methods based on beta counting and on a portable XRF instrument were developed to measure the radioactivity of rock slices. These methods were applied to rock slices from four glaciofluvial granite cobbles that had previously been used for equivalent dose determination to test whether beta dose variation could be observed. Results from beta counting and K content from XRF show similar patterns and both vary along the depth profiles, but the magnitude of this variability is very different amongst the four cobbles. In rocks where the dose rate is highly variable, bleaching may not be the only source of variation of L_n/T_n or equivalent dose (D_e) along the luminescence-depth profile of cobbles, and it may be necessary to measure the beta dose rate for every single slice to determine whether multiple bleaching events are recorded or variations in D_e are due to dose rate heterogeneity.  相似文献   

开封断裂第四纪活动特征     

孙杰  张予川  徐婉君  李涛  张扬 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(2):234-241

开封断裂是郑州-开封断裂带的重要组成部分,也是黄河中下游平原的一条重要控制性断裂。利用浅层地震勘探发现,开封断裂为总体走向EW,倾向N的正断层;断裂分为东、西2支,断裂活动性具有明显的分段特征,东支活动性较西支强。钻孔联合剖面揭示开封断裂东支断裂上断点埋深27～35 m,根据地层年代学结果,其最新活动时间为晚更新世。研究成果为开封市城乡规划、重大工程选址和地震区划工作提供了重要的基础数据。  相似文献   

盘谷寺-新乡断裂第四纪活动性分段特征     

郁军建  张扬  孙印  张哲 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(2):261-268

盘谷寺-新乡断裂以柏山、高村为界,分为西、中、东3段,根据物探剖面、地质标准孔和地层剖面出露特征,各段活动性具有明显差异。其中西段最新活动时代为中更新世,具有向盆地迁移发育的特征;中段最新活动时代为晚更新世早期;东段活动性稍复杂,经历了正断-逆冲-正断的运动过程演变,其最新活动时代为晚更新世早期,且活动强度向两端减弱。高村所处的武陟隆起区推测为盘谷寺-新乡断裂中、东段的挤压阶区,断层位移在此处有亏损和衰减。  相似文献   

Rapid report of the 8 January 2022 ​MS 6.9 Menyuan earthquake,Qinghai, China     

Hongfeng Yang  Dun Wang  Rumeng Guo  Mengyu Xie  Yang Zang  Yue Wang  Qiang Yao  Chuang Cheng  Yanru An  Yingying Zhang 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(1):100113

The M_S 6.9 Menyuan earthquake in Qinghai Province, west China is the largest earthquake by far in 2022. The earthquake occurs in a tectonically active region, with a background b-value of 0.87 within 100 ?km of the epicenter that we derived from the unified catalog produced by China Earthquake Networks Center since late 2008. Field surveys have revealed surface ruptures extending 22 ?km along strike, with a maximum ground displacement of 2.1 ?m. We construct a finite fault model with constraints from InSAR observations, which showed multiple fault segments during the Menyuan earthquake. The major slip asperity is confined within 10 ?km at depth, with the maximum slip of 3.5 ?m. Near real-time back-projection results of coseismic radiation indicate a northwest propagating rupture that lasted for ～10 ?s. Intensity estimates from the back-projection results show up to a Mercalli scale of IX near the ruptured area, consistent with instrumental measurements and the observations from the field surveys. Aftershock locations (up to January 21, 2022) exhibit two segments, extending to ～20 ?km in depth. The largest one reaches M_S 5.3, locating near the eastern end of the aftershock zone. Although the location and the approximate magnitude of the mainshock had been indicated by previous studies based on paleoearthquake records and seismic gap, as well as estimated stressing rate on faults, significant surface-breaching rupture leads to severe damage of the high-speed railway system, which poses a challenge in accurately assessing earthquake hazards and risks, and thus demands further investigations of the rupture behaviors for crustal earthquakes.  相似文献   

Temporal evolution of the focal mechanism consistency of the 2021 Yangbi MS 6.4 earthquake sequence in Yunnan     

Xiaobin Li  Mingpei Jin  Ya Huang  Wenjian Cha  Jun Wang  Sihai Li 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(2):100061

Using the Cut And Paste (CAP) method, we invert the focal mechanism of 38 moderate earthquakes (M_S ≥ 3.0) recorded by Yunnan seismic network and analyze the corresponding focal mechanism consistency based on the minimum spatial rotation angle. Our results indicate that the M_S 6.4 mainshock is induced by a lateral strike slip fault (with a rake angle of ～ ?165°) and a little normal-faulting component event along a nearly vertical plane (dipping angle～ 79° and strike ～138°). Combining our results with high resolution catalog, we argue that the seismogenic fault of this earthquake sequence is a secondary fault western to the major Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault. The focal mechanism evolution can be divided into three periods. During the first period, the foreshock sequence, the focal mechanism consistency is the highest (KA<36°); during the second period which is shortly after the mainshock, the focal mechanism shows strong variation with KA ranging from 8° to 110°; during the third period, the seismicity becomes weak and the focal mechanism of the earthquakes becomes more consistent than the second period (18°<KA<73°). We suggest that the KA, to some extent, represents the coherence between local tectonic stress regime and the stress state of each individual earthquake. Furthermore, high focal mechanism consistency and high linearity of seismic distribution may serve as indicators for the identification of foreshock sequence.  相似文献   

2022年1月8日青海门源6.9级地震的震源区结构特征和b值意义初探     

孙安辉  高原  赵国峰  任超  梁姗姗 《地球物理学报》2022,(3)

2022年1月8日1时45分青海省门源县发生M_S6.9地震.本文基于青藏高原东北缘水平分辨率为0.3°的地震层析成像结果,获取了震源周边区域的地壳浅部构造信息,包括波速、泊松比以及估计的裂隙密度和饱和率的空间分布.结果表明:此次门源M_S6.9地震发生在P波和S波波速剧烈变化的区域,靠近高速体的边缘.泊松比和饱和率同样都显示,门源M_S6.9地震发生在高低值变化的过渡区.地震活动参数分析显示,震前冷龙岭断裂带的震源周边区域显示出了低b值、较低的a值和高a/b值的特征,与龙门山—岷山构造带强震之前的情况类似.裂隙密度在冷龙岭断裂两侧呈现出显著差异,北侧高于南侧,这可能是震后现场科考发现的断裂带地表破裂北侧高于南侧的构造成因.  相似文献   

变径稳定器在鄂北水平井钻井应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

李德红  罗宏志  李季  温伟  李明忠  宋文宇  王超  王旭升 《探矿工程》2022,49(2):123-128

鄂北大牛地、东胜气田施工水平井水平段长在1000~2000 m之间,以稳斜钻进为主,为保证稳斜效果,降低轨迹调整频次,减少滑动钻进进尺,主要采用双扶稳斜钻具组合,起到了较好的稳斜效果。但鄂北致密砂岩储层的非均质性强,水平段经常钻遇泥岩夹层而调整轨迹,造成双扶稳斜钻具组合在轨迹调整中存在造斜率低、无法快速调整达到地质目的的问题。通过分析不同钻具组合作用效果,配套应用变径稳定器,控制其井下工作状态,改变外径尺寸,使钻具组合、结构和作用效果发生变化,满足轨迹控制需求,实现整体水平段稳斜钻进,并兼顾轨迹调整快速灵活的目的。在鄂北大牛地和东胜气田水平井水平段应用变径稳定器10余口井,平均机械钻速10.18 m/h,水平段提速24.6%,应用效果良好,实现了提高水平段钻井施工效率的目的,为鄂尔多斯盆地长水平段提速提效提供了有利借鉴。  相似文献   

考虑应力变化速率的岩石脆性评价指标     

匡智浩  李邵军  杜灿勋  邱士利  吝曼卿  杜三林 《岩土力学》2022,43(Z1):293-300

脆性作为岩石的重要的力学指标,对深部岩体性态评价以及灾害预防具有重要意义。岩石应力−应变曲线能够很好地表征岩石的脆性。考虑到现有基于应力−应变曲线的脆性指标大多都只对曲线的一部分进行分析,且少有指标能够准确地应用于岩石II类曲线中,对整体判断的缺乏可能会导致工程应用上适应性及可靠性不足的情况。针对现有脆性指标普遍存在的物理意义模糊、评估结果与岩石脆性的关系非连续等问题,综合考量岩石应力−应变曲线中峰前应力上升速率、峰后应力跌落速率以及峰值点应变值对岩石脆性的影响,提出了一种物理意义明确、计算结果与岩石脆性之间的关系是单调且连续的岩石脆性指数计算方法。选取国内外常用脆性指标对锦屏II级水电站大理岩和某铁路隧道花岗岩、变质砂岩以及片麻岩的单轴压缩试验数据进行脆性评价后进行比较,验证了指标的适用性。进一步将提出的指标应用于常规三轴试验条件下大理岩脆性分析,结果表明,该指标不仅能够量化和分类不同岩石的脆性特征,还能表征围压对岩石脆性的抑制作用。  相似文献